04. Conditions of the mucous membranes

White sponge nevus Other names White sponge naevus, Cannon’s disease, Hereditary leukokeratosis of mucosa, White sponge nevus of Cannon, Familial white folded dysplasia,[1][2] or Oral epithelial nevus[3] White sponge nevus has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Specialty Oral medicine  White sponge nevus WSN, is an autosomal dominant[4] condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth). It is caused by a mutations in certain genes… read more »

Vestibular papillomatosis Specialty Gynecology Vestibular papillomatosis (VP) is a cutaneous condition of the vulva, characterized by pink, asymptomatic, fine projections of the vestibular epithelium or labia minora.[1] It is the female equivalent to hirsuties coronae glandis.[2][3] It is often thought to be a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but several studies have shown that the condition is not viral and is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD). DNA studies… read more »

Stomatitis nicotina Other names Nicotine stomatitis,[1] Nicotinic stomatitis,[2] Nicotine palatinus,[3] Stomatitis palatini,[2] Leukokeratosis nicotina palate,[2] Palatal leukokeratosis,[4] Smoker’s keratosis,[5] Smoker’s palate,[2] and Smoker’s patches[5] Specialty Oral medicine  Stomatitis nicotina is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking.[2] It is painless,[4] and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat. A more pronounced appearance can… read more »

Torus palatinus An example of palatal torus Specialty Oral and maxillofacial surgery  A torus palatinus (pl. tori palatini), or palatal torus (pl. palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate.[1] Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life. Types Another example of a torus… read more »

Glossitis [1] Glossitis in a person with scarlet fever (“red strawberry tongue”). Specialty Gastroenterology Glossitis can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface,[2][3] (sometimes specifically termed atrophic glossitis). In a wider sense, glossitis can mean inflammation of the tongue generally.[4] Glossitis is… read more »

  Aphthous stomatitis Other names Recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurring oral aphthae, recurrent aphthous ulceration Canker sore on the lower lip Specialty Oral medicine, dermatology Frequency ~20% of people to some degree[1] Aphthous stomatitis is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sores is also used, mainly in North… read more »

Pyogenic granuloma Other names Eruptive hemangioma, Granulation tissue-type hemangioma, Granuloma gravidarum, Lobular capillary hemangioma, Pregnancy tumor, and Tumor of pregnancy[1][2] Specialty Dermatology  Pyogenic granuloma or pyogenic fibroma is a vascular tumor that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma, or hormonal factors.[3][4] It is often found to involve the gums, the skin and nasal septum,… read more »

Plasma cell gingivitis Plasma cell gingivitis in an adult (histologically verified). Specialty Gastroenterology  Plasma cell gingivitis[1][2] is a rare condition,[3] appearing as generalized erythema (redness) and edema (swelling) of the , occasionally accompanied by cheilitis (lip swelling) or glossitis (tongue swelling).[4] It is called plasma cell gingivitis where the gingiva (gums) are involved,[5] plasma cell cheilitis,[5] where the lips are involved, and other terms such as plasma cell orifacial mucositis,[5] or plasma cell… read more »

Ameloblastoma Micrograph of an ameloblastoma showing the characteristic palisading and stellate reticulum. H&E stain. Specialty Oncology, oral and maxillofacial surgery  Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium (ameloblasts, or outside portion, of the teeth during development) much more commonly appearing in the lower jaw than the upper jaw.[1] It was recognized in 1827 by Cusack.[2] This type of odontogenic neoplasm was designated as an adamantinoma in 1885 by the French physician Louis-Charles Malassez.[3] It was finally renamed to the… read more »