05. Conditions of the skin appendages

Onycholysis is a common medical condition characterized by the painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed, usually starting at the tip and/or sides.[1] On the hands, it occurs particularly on the ring finger but can occur on any of the fingernails. It may also happen to toenails. Onycholysis can occur in many conditions, including psoriasis.[2] In thyrotoxicosis, it is thought to be due… read more »

Lupus erythematosus Specialty Rheumatology Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues.[1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus. Signs and symptoms Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go. Almost everyone… read more »

Hirsutism Barbara van Beck, as depicted in an engraving by G. Scott. Specialty Dermatology, endocrinology Treatment Birth control pills, antiandrogens, insulin sensitizers[1] Hirsutism is excessive body hair on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal. It may refer to a “male” pattern of hair growth that may be a sign of a more serious medical condition,[2] especially if… read more »

Hematidrosis Other names Blood sweat, haematidrosis, hematohidrosis, hemidrosis Red-tinted sweat (or “blood sweat”) caused by hematohidrosis Specialty Dermatology Hematidrosis, also called blood sweat, is a very rare condition in which a human sweats blood.[1] The term is from Ancient Greek haîma/haímatos (αἷμα/αἵματος), meaning blood, and hīdrṓs (ἱδρώς), meaning sweat. Signs and symptoms Blood usually oozes from the forehead, nails, umbilicus, and other skin surfaces. In… read more »

Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating,[1] in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.[2] Although primarily a physical burden, hyperhidrosis can deteriorate quality of life from a psychological, emotional, and social perspective.[3] This excess of sweat happens even if the person is not engaging tasks that require muscular effort, and it doesn’t depend on the exposure… read more »

Fox–Fordyce disease is a chronic blockage of the sweat gland ducts with a secondary, non-bacterial inflammatory response to the secretions and cellular debris in the cysts.[1] The inflammation is often accompanied by intense itching. In general, the disease often causes skin to darken near the affected area and raised bumps or papules to appear. In addition, hair follicles can become damaged which cause hair loss.[2] Hidradenitis is very similar,… read more »